IL-9 production of naive CD4+ T cells depends on IL-2, is synergistically enhanced by a combination of TGF-beta and IL-4, and is inhibited by IFN-gamma

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Item Type:	Article
Title:	IL-9 production of naive CD4+ T cells depends on IL-2, is synergistically enhanced by a combination of TGF-beta and IL-4, and is inhibited by IFN-gamma
Creators Name:	Schmitt, E., Germann, T., Goedert, S., Hoehn, P., Huels, C., Koelsch, S., Kuehn, R., Mueller, W., Palm, N. and Ruede, E.
Abstract:	Dense CD4+ T cells isolated from naive mice produce only trace amounts of IL-9 when stimulated by immobilized anti-CD3 in combination with anti-CD28 Abs. In this situation, IL-9 production is significantly stimulated by TGF-beta and further enhanced by the addition of IL-4, which, by itself, has only a minimal influence. IFN-gamma was found to inhibit the enhancing effect of IL-4. However, increasing amounts of IL-4 in the presence of a constant concentration of IFN-gamma could overcome the inhibitory activity of IFN-gamma. The application of CD4+ T cells isolated from IL-2 knockout mice unequivocally revealed that IL-2 is essential for the production of IL-9 by T cells. In addition, the use of T cells from IL-4 knockout mice elucidated that the basic (IL-2 + TGF-beta) mediated IL-9 production is independent of IL-4. Therefore, our results demonstrate that optimal IL-9 production of naive dense CD4+ T cells is positively regulated at different levels: 1) by IL-2, which is essential for IL-9 secretion; 2) followed by TGF-beta, which promotes a considerable increase in IL-9 production above the level induced by IL-2; and 3) finally, by IL-4, which requires the presence of IL-2 and TGF-beta to strongly enhance the production of IL-9. IFN-gamma inhibits the production of IL-9 mainly at the level of IL-4 by neutralizing the effect of this cytokine.
Source:	Journal of Immunology
ISSN:	0022-1767
Publisher:	American Association of Immunologists
Volume:	153
Number:	9
Page Range:	3989-3996
Date:	1 November 1994
Official Publication:	https://doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.153.9.3989
PubMed:	View item in PubMed

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