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| Item Type: | Article |
|---|---|
| Title: | Gene expression signatures defining fundamental biological processes in pluripotent, early, and late differentiated embryonic stem cells |
| Creators Name: | Gaspar, J.A., Doss, M.X., Winkler, J., Wagh, V., Hescheler, J., Kolde, R., Vilo, J., Schulz, H. and Sachinidis, A. |
| Abstract: | Investigating the molecular mechanisms controlling the in vivo developmental program postembryogenesis is challenging and time consuming. However, the developmental program can be partly recapitulated in vitro by the use of cultured embryonic stem cells (ESCs). Similar to the totipotent cells of the inner cell mass, gene expression and morphological changes in cultured ESCs occur hierarchically during their differentiation, with epiblast cells developing first, followed by germ layers and finally somatic cells. Combination of high throughput -omics technologies with murine ESCs offers an alternative approach for studying developmental processes toward organ-specific cell phenotypes. We have made an attempt to understand differentiation networks controlling embryogenesis in vivo using a time kinetic, by identifying molecules defining fundamental biological processes in the pluripotent state as well as in early and the late differentiation stages of ESCs. Our microarray data of the differentiation of the ESCs clearly demonstrate that the most critical early differentiation processes occur at days 2 and 3 of differentiation. Besides monitoring well-annotated markers pertinent to both self-renewal and potency (capacity to differentiate to different cell lineage), we have identified candidate molecules for relevant signaling pathways. These molecules can be further investigated in gain and loss-of-function studies to elucidate their role for pluripotency and differentiation. As an example, siRNA knockdown of MageB16, a gene highly expressed in the pluripotent state, has proven its influence in inducing differentiation when its function is repressed. |
| Keywords: | Biological Markers, Cell Culture Techniques, Cell Differentiation, Developmental Gene Expression Regulation, Embryonic Development, Embryonic Stem Cells, Germ Layers, Homeodomain Proteins, Octamer Transcription Factor-3, Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis, Pluripotent Stem Cells, Principal Component Analysis, Signal Transduction, Small Interfering RNA, Time Factors, Transcriptome, Animals, Mice |
| Source: | Stem Cells and Development |
| ISSN: | 1547-3287 |
| Publisher: | Mary Ann Liebert |
| Volume: | 21 |
| Number: | 13 |
| Page Range: | 2471-2484 |
| Date: | 1 September 2012 |
| Additional Information: | (c) 2012 Mary Ann Liebert, Inc. |
| Official Publication: | https://doi.org/10.1089/scd.2011.0637 |
| PubMed: | View item in PubMed |
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