Mechanisms underlying helminth- induced Th2 polarization: default, negative or positive pathways?

Item Type:	Review
Title:	Mechanisms underlying helminth- induced Th2 polarization: default, negative or positive pathways?
Creators Name:	Jankovic, D. and Steinfelder, S. and Kullberg, M.C. and Sher, A.
Abstract:	Since the initial description of Th1 and Th2 subsets in the 1980s, there has been enormous progress in identifying the molecular events and the transcriptional factors that regulate Th differentiation in response to a specific stimulus (e.g. antigen dose, co-receptors, cytokines). Although TCR cross-linking and engagement of co-stimulatory molecules are necessary for activation of CD4 lymphocytes, these two events do not appear in themselves to explain Th1/Th2 commitment. Among pathogens, helminths are the main examples of Th2-cell inducers in both humans and experimental models. This review will focus on our recent findings on the requirements for Th2 polarization by the parasitic trematode Schistosoma mansoni. In particular, we will address the ongoing controversy as to whether Th2 development depends on positive vs. negative vs. the absence of signals from antigenpresenting cells. In addition, we will discuss the similarities between the pathways involved in parasite- and allergen-induced Th2 differentiation.
Keywords:	Cell Differentiation, Dendritic Cells, Helminthiasis, Interleukin-4, Th2 Cells, Animals, Schistosoma Mansoni
Source:	Chemical Immunology and Allergy
Series Name:	Chemical Immunology and Allergy
Title of Book:	Parasites and Allergy
ISSN:	1660-2242
ISBN:	978-3-8055-7974-2
Publisher:	S.Karger AG
Volume:	90
Number:	90
Page Range:	65-81
Number of Pages:	202
Date:	2006
Official Publication:	https://doi.org/10.1159/000088881
PubMed:	View item in PubMed

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