Chromosomal instability during neurogenesis in Huntington's disease

Item Type:	Article
Title:	Chromosomal instability during neurogenesis in Huntington's disease
Creators Name:	Ruzo, A. and Croft, G.F. and Metzger, J.J. and Galgoczi, S. and Gerber, L.J. and Pellegrini, C. and Wang, H. and Fenner, M. and Tse, S. and Marks, A. and Nchako, C. and Brivanlou, A.H.
Abstract:	Huntington's disease (HD) is a fatal neurodegenerative disease caused by expansion of CAG repeats in the Huntingtin gene (HTT). Neither its pathogenic mechanisms nor the normal functions of HTT are well understood. To model HD in humans, we engineered a genetic allelic series of isogenic human embryonic stem cell (hESC) lines with graded increases in CAG repeat length. Neural differentiation of these lines unveiled a novel developmental HD phenotype: the appearance of giant multinucleated telencephalic neurons at an abundance directly proportional to CAG repeat length, generated by a chromosomal instability and failed cytokinesis over multiple rounds of DNA replication. We conclude that disrupted neurogenesis during development is an important, unrecognized aspect of HD pathogenesis. To address the function of normal HTT protein we generated HTT(+/−) and HTT(−/−) lines. Surprisingly, the same phenotype emerged in HTT(−/−) but not HTT(+/−) lines. We conclude that HD is a developmental disorder characterized by chromosomal instability that impairs neurogenesis, and that HD represents a genetic dominant-negative loss of function, contrary to the prevalent gain-of-toxic-function hypothesis. The consequences of developmental alterations should be considered as a new target for HD therapies.
Keywords:	Huntington’s Disease, CRISPR, Human Embryonic Stem Cells, Disease Modeling, Chromosomal Instability, Neurogenesis, DNA Damage and Repair
Source:	Development
ISSN:	0950-1991
Publisher:	Company of Biologists
Volume:	145
Number:	2
Date:	January 2018
Official Publication:	https://doi.org/10.1242/dev.156844
PubMed:	View item in PubMed

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