Spinal cord involvement in multiple sclerosis and neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders

Item Type:	Review
Title:	Spinal cord involvement in multiple sclerosis and neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders
Creators Name:	Ciccarelli, O. and Cohen, J.A. and Reingold, S.C. and Weinshenker, B.G.
Abstract:	Spinal cord involvement is an important cause of disability in patients with multiple sclerosis or neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders (NMOSDs). Multiple sclerosis and NMOSDs can be distinguished from other disorders that cause myelopathy by results from laboratory and radiological investigations. However, limitations in the sensitivity and specificity of spinal cord imaging and poor correlation with disability megasures have impeded the understanding of the relationship between spinal cord involvement and clinical manifestations. Nevertheless, studies of the pathological features of multiple sclerosis and NMOSDs have shown that quantitatively different mechanisms lead to differences in clinical course and pattern of accrual of permanent disability in the two disorders. Better understanding of these mechanisms is necessary to develop more informative clinical measures, electrophysiological methods, fluid biomarkers, and imaging techniques to detect and monitor spinal cord involvement in the diagnosis and management of patients with multiple sclerosis or NMOSDs, and as outcome measures in clinical trials.
Keywords:	Multiple Sclerosis, Neuromyelitis Optica, Spinal Cord
Source:	Lancet Neurology
ISSN:	1474-4422
Publisher:	Elsevier / Lancet
Volume:	18
Number:	2
Page Range:	185-197
Date:	February 2019
Additional Information:	Friedemann Paul is a participant in the International Conference on Spinal Cord Involvement and Imaging in Multiple Sclerosis and Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorders.
Official Publication:	https://doi.org/10.1016/S1474-4422(18)30460-5
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