Anthropometry and esophageal cancer risk in the European prospective investigation into cancer and nutrition

Item Type:	Article
Title:	Anthropometry and esophageal cancer risk in the European prospective investigation into cancer and nutrition
Creators Name:	Steffen, A. and Schulze, M.B. and Pischon, T. and Dietrich, T. and Molina, E. and Chirlaque, M.D. and Barricarte, A. and Amiano, P. and Quiros, J.R. and Tumino, R. and Mattiello, A. and Palli, D. and Vineis, P. and Agnoli, C. and Misirli, G. and Boffetta, P. and Kaaks, R. and Rohrmann, S. and Bueno-de-Mesquita, H.B. and Peeters, P.H. and May, A.M. and Spencer, E.A. and Allen, N.E. and Bingham, S. and Tjonneland, A. and Halkjaer, J. and Overvad, K. and Stegger, J. and Manjer, J. and Lindkvist, B. and Hallmanns, G. and Stenling, R. and Lund, E. and Riboli, E. and Gonzalez, C.A. and Boeing, H.
Abstract:	Background: Increasing evidence suggests that general obesity [measured by body mass index (BMI)] is positively associated with risk of esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC). In contrast, previous studies have shown inverse relations with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). However, it is still unclear whether body fat distribution, particularly abdominal obesity, is associated with each type of esophageal cancer. Methods: We applied multivariable adjusted Cox proportional hazards regression to investigate the association between anthropometric measures and risk of EAC and ESCC among 346,554 men and women participating in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition. All statistical tests were two sided. Results: During 8.9 years of follow-up, we documented 88 incident cases of EAC and 110 cases of ESCC. BMI, waist circumference, and waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) were positively associated with EAC risk [highest versus lowest quintile; relative risk (RR), 2.60; 95% confidence interval (95% CI), 1.23-5.51; P(trend) < 0.01; RR, 3.07; 95% CI, 1.35-6.98; P(trend) < 0.003; and RR, 2.12; 95% CI, 0.98-4.57; P(trend) < 0.004]. In contrast, BMI and waist circumference were inversely related to ESCC risk, whereas WHR showed no association with ESCC. In stratified analyses, BMI and waist circumference were significantly inversely related to ESCC only among smokers but not among nonsmokers. However, when controlled for BMI, we found positive associations for waist circumference and WHR with ESCC, and these associations were observed among smokers and nonsmokers. Conclusion: General and abdominal obesity were associated with higher EAC risk. Further, our study suggests that particularly an abdominal body fat distribution might also be a risk factor for ESCC.
Keywords:	Obesity, Body Mass Index, Waist Circumference, Esophageal Cancer, Smoking
Source:	Cancer Epidemiology Biomarkers & Prevention
ISSN:	1055-9965
Publisher:	American Association for Cancer Research
Volume:	18
Number:	7
Page Range:	2079-2089
Date:	July 2009
Official Publication:	https://doi.org/10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-09-0265
PubMed:	View item in PubMed

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