The transcription factor grainyhead-like 2 regulates the molecular composition of the epithelial apical junctional complex

Item Type:	Article
Title:	The transcription factor grainyhead-like 2 regulates the molecular composition of the epithelial apical junctional complex
Creators Name:	Werth, M. and Walentin, K. and Aue, A. and Schoenheit, J. and Wuebken, A. and Pode-Shakked, N. and Vilianovitch, L. and Erdmann, B. and Dekel, B. and Bader, M. and Barasch, J. and Rosenbauer, F. and Luft, F.C. and Schmidt-Ott, K.M.
Abstract:	Differentiation of epithelial cells and morphogenesis of epithelial tubes or layers is closely linked with the establishment and remodeling of the apical junctional complex, which includes adherens junctions and tight junctions. Little is known about the transcriptional control of apical junctional complex components. Here, we show that the transcription factor grainyhead-like 2 (Grhl2), an epithelium-specific mammalian homolog of Drosophila Grainyhead, is essential for adequate expression of the adherens junction gene E-cadherin and the tight junction gene claudin 4 (Cldn4) in several types of epithelia, including gut endoderm, surface ectoderm and otic epithelium. We have generated Grhl2 mutant mice to demonstrate defective molecular composition of the apical junctional complex in these compartments that coincides with the occurrence of anterior and posterior neural tube defects. Mechanistically, we show that Grhl2 specifically associates with cis-regulatory elements localized at the Cldn4 core promoter and within intron 2 of the E-cadherin gene. Cldn4 promoter activity in epithelial cells is crucially dependent on the availability of Grhl2 and on the integrity of the Grhl2-associated cis-regulatory element. At the E-cadherin locus, the intronic Grhl2-associated cis-regulatory region contacts the promoter via chromatin looping, while loss of Grhl2 leads to a specific decrease of activating histone marks at the E-cadherin promoter. Together, our data provide evidence that Grhl2 acts as a target gene-associated transcriptional activator of apical junctional complex components and, thereby, crucially participates in epithelial differentiation.
Keywords:	Apical Junctional Complex, E-Cadherin (Cdh1) Gene Regulation, Epithelial Differentiation, Grainyhead Transcription Factors, Grainyhead-Like 2 (Grhl2), Claudin 4 (Cldn4), Neural Tube Defects, Animals, Mice, Dogs
Source:	Development
ISSN:	0950-1991
Publisher:	Company of Biologists
Volume:	137
Number:	22
Page Range:	3835-3845
Date:	November 2010
Official Publication:	https://doi.org/10.1242/dev.055483
PubMed:	View item in PubMed

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